3月26日，中國商務(wù)部副部長鐘山訪美期間，美國《華爾街日?qǐng)?bào)》評(píng)論版刊登了鐘山的署名文章《U.S.-China Trade Is Win-Win Game》，全文如下：
U.S.-China Trade Is Win-Win Game
By Zhong Shan
A sound and stable China-U.S. economic and trade relationship is more important than ever.
China-U.S. trade and economic cooperation has generated huge and real benefits for the United States, while China has been gaining a lot from it as well. In 2009 China jumped to become the third biggest market for U.S. exports. American companies have cumulatively invested over $62.2 billion in 58,000 projects in China and reaped bumper harvests. Their profits in China amounted to nearly $8 billion in 2008 alone.
Since the outbreak of the international financial crisis, China has been supporting the efforts of the American people to tackle the crisis. On the one hand, China has increased imports from the U.S. While overall U.S. exports dropped 17.9% in 2009, exports to China hardly decreased. Many U.S. manufacturing firms have found comfort in the Chinese market as a shelter against the global financial storm.
On the other hand, good value-for-money, labor-intensive goods imported from China have helped keep the cost of living down for Americans even when they become increasingly cash-strapped. Without consumer goods from China, the U.S. price index would go up an extra two percentage points every year.
How should we approach the trade deficit, a heated topic in the China-U.S. trade and economic relationship and an issue closely tied to many others?
To start with, Chinese and U.S. interests in bilateral trade are roughly balanced. China-U.S. trade and economic relations include services and investment as well as goods. From 2004 to 2008, the U.S. surplus in services with China grew by a phenomenal 35.4% annually, dwarfing the growth in China's surplus in goods with the U.S.
In 2008, the total sales of American goods in the Chinese market, including goods exported from the U.S. to China, amounted to $224.7 billion, close to the value of goods China exported to the U.S. in 2008, which stood at $252.3. The two countries were almost balanced in terms of sales after adjustment for value-adding freight and insurance fees.
Next, the renminbi exchange rate is not the key to addressing China-U.S. trade imbalance. From 2005 to 2008, the renminbi appreciated by 21% against the dollar but China's trade surplus with the U.S. increased by 20.8% annually. Since 2009 the renminbi exchange rate has remained basically stable, but China's surplus with the U.S. has fallen by 16.1%.
Globally speaking, this is not an exceptional case. In 2009 the dollar depreciated against the euro, the Japanese yen and the South Korea won, which did not bring about fundamental changes in the trade between the U.S. and these countries. As a matter of fact, only a basically stable renminbi and dollar are conducive to the overall interest of the international community.
Finally, China always upholds and seeks balanced trade. The U.S. should vigorously expand exports to China. Only balanced China-U.S. trade could bring about sustained development, mutual benefits, and a win-win relationship. The achievement of this goal rests not with restricting China's exports to the U.S. but with increasing U.S. exports to China. We hope that the U.S., while implementing its strategy to boost exports, can scrap the Cold War mentality, relax its export control against China, and expand the export of competitive products to China.
Where should China-U.S. trade and economic relations go from here?
First, we should refrain from politicizing economic and trade issues. We should vigorously oppose trade protectionism, and give full play to the platforms of the China-U.S. Strategic and Economic Dialogue and the Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade. We hope that the U.S. can recognize China's market-economy status as soon as possible and include export-controls revision in the priority action plan of the U.S. National Export Initiative.
Second, we should expand the convergence of our interests in economic and trade cooperation. The two economies are highly complementary with huge potentials. At present, both are restructuring their industries and therefore their growth potential. We should give full play to our respective advantages in capital, technology and markets, and actively explore cooperation in trade in services, low-carbon economy and high-tech products.
Third, we should enhance trade and investment facilitation. The Chinese government will adhere to the opening-up policy as one of its basic state policies, and continuously improve policy transparency and trade and investment facilitation.
The government protects the legitimate rights and interests of foreign investors in accordance with laws. We hope that the U.S. will ease irrational restrictions on Chinese companies' investment in the U.S., and facilitate the movement of businesspeople between the two countries.
Fourth, we should promote the multilateral trading system. China and the U.S. should jointly push for a substantive progress in the Doha Round talks, and lock in the agreed outcomes from previous negotiations.
As Wen Jiabao, the Chinese premier, recently reiterated, it is always better to have a dialogue than a confrontation, cooperation than containment, and a partnership than a rivalry. As long as we approach the China-U.S. commercial relationship in a responsible manner we will definitely be able to make it more stable and sound.
Mr. Zhong is vice minister of commerce of the People's Republic of China.
譯文如下：
中美貿(mào)易是雙贏博弈
中國商務(wù)部副部長 鐘山
健康穩(wěn)定的中美經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系符合兩國根本利益。中國受益于中美經(jīng)貿(mào)合作，而中美經(jīng)貿(mào)合作給美國帶來的利益也是巨大而實(shí)在的。2009年，中國已成為美國第3大出口市場，美國對(duì)華投資項(xiàng)目累計(jì)5.8萬個(gè)，實(shí)際投入金額622億美元。在華美資收益頗豐，2008年實(shí)現(xiàn)利潤總額近80億美元。
金融危機(jī)爆發(fā)以來，中國用實(shí)際行動(dòng)支持了美國抗擊金融危機(jī)。一方面，中國努力擴(kuò)大自美進(jìn)口。2009年美國出口下降17.9%，但對(duì)中國出口幾乎沒有下降。中國市場成為許多美國制造業(yè)企業(yè)在金融危機(jī)中的避風(fēng)港。
另一方面，自中國進(jìn)口價(jià)廉物美的產(chǎn)品，使美國民眾依然保持較低的生活成本。如果沒有中國消費(fèi)品，美國物價(jià)指數(shù)每年會(huì)上漲2個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。
貿(mào)易不平衡是中美經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系中的一大熱點(diǎn)，也與其他許多問題密切相關(guān)，應(yīng)該如何看待這個(gè)問題？
首先，中美貿(mào)易的總體利益是基本平衡的。中美經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系不僅限于貨物貿(mào)易，還包括服務(wù)貿(mào)易與投資。2004-2008年美對(duì)華服務(wù)貿(mào)易順差年均增長35.4%，遠(yuǎn)高于同期中國對(duì)美貨物貿(mào)易順差增幅。2008年，美資企業(yè)在華銷售額與美對(duì)華出口額相加，達(dá)到2247億美元，當(dāng)年中國對(duì)美出口額2523億美元，扣除運(yùn)費(fèi)、保險(xiǎn)等增值因素，兩國在對(duì)方市場的銷售額接近平衡。
第二，人民幣匯率不是解決中美貨物貿(mào)易不平衡的關(guān)鍵。2005-2008年人民幣兌美元升值21%，中國對(duì)美貿(mào)易順差年均增長20.8%；2009年以來人民幣匯率基本穩(wěn)定，中國對(duì)美貿(mào)易順差下降16.1%。
世界范圍看也是如此，2009年美元對(duì)歐元、日元、韓元等都有貶值，但美國對(duì)這些國家的貿(mào)易狀況并沒有發(fā)生逆轉(zhuǎn)。事實(shí)上，人民幣與美元都保持基本穩(wěn)定才能符合包括中美在內(nèi)的世界各國的利益。
第三，中國始終主張并力求平衡的貿(mào)易，希望美國積極擴(kuò)大對(duì)中國的出口。惟有平衡的中美貿(mào)易，才有持續(xù)的發(fā)展，才能實(shí)現(xiàn)互利共贏。實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)，不能靠限制中國對(duì)美出口，而要靠擴(kuò)大美國對(duì)華出口。希望美國在實(shí)施擴(kuò)大出口戰(zhàn)略的過程中，摒棄冷戰(zhàn)思維，放寬對(duì)華出口管制，擴(kuò)大優(yōu)勢(shì)產(chǎn)品對(duì)華出口。
中美經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系該向何處去？
一是避免經(jīng)貿(mào)問題政治化。積極落實(shí)雙方元首在經(jīng)貿(mào)領(lǐng)域達(dá)成的重要共識(shí)。共同反對(duì)貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義。充分發(fā)揮中美戰(zhàn)略與經(jīng)濟(jì)對(duì)話、中美商貿(mào)聯(lián)委會(huì)的平臺(tái)作用。希望美方盡快承認(rèn)中國市場經(jīng)濟(jì)地位，將放松對(duì)華出口限制納入美國國家出口倡議的優(yōu)先行動(dòng)方案中。
二是擴(kuò)大經(jīng)貿(mào)合作契合點(diǎn)。中美兩國經(jīng)濟(jì)互補(bǔ)性強(qiáng)、潛力巨大。當(dāng)前，兩國都在調(diào)整產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)充分發(fā)揮各自在資金、技術(shù)、市場等方面的優(yōu)勢(shì)，積極拓展在服務(wù)貿(mào)易、低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)、高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)品等領(lǐng)域的合作。
三是推進(jìn)貿(mào)易投資便利化。中國政府堅(jiān)持對(duì)外開放的基本國策，不斷提高政策透明度和貿(mào)易投資便利化水平。
中國政府依法保護(hù)外國投資者在華的合法權(quán)益。希望美國放寬對(duì)中國企業(yè)在美投資的不合理限制，并為商務(wù)人員往來提供更多便利。
四是應(yīng)推動(dòng)多邊貿(mào)易體制的發(fā)展。中美應(yīng)共同推動(dòng)WTO多哈回合談判邁出實(shí)質(zhì)性步伐，鎖定已有成果。
中國總理溫家寶最近再次強(qiáng)調(diào)，中美之間對(duì)話比對(duì)抗好，合作比遏制好，伙伴比對(duì)手好。我相信，只要我們抱著 負(fù)責(zé)任的態(tài)度就一定能夠推動(dòng)中美經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系穩(wěn)定健康的發(fā)展。
